A Comprehensive Review on IoT-Based Smart Agriculture Systems

Abstract: The rapid growth in global population has significantly increased the demand for efficient and sustainable agricultural practices. Traditional farming approaches often suffer from limitations such as inefficient water usage, lack of real-time monitoring, and heavy reliance on manual labor. The Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as a transformative technology capable of addressing these challenges by enabling smart and automated agricultural systems [1], [2]. This paper presents a comprehensive review of IoT-based smart agriculture systems. It examines various components including sensors, communication technologies, cloud platforms, and smart irrigation mechanisms. The study also evaluates multiple research contributions to highlight improvements in productivity, resource utilization, and decision- making processes. Furthermore, key challenges such as infrastructure cost, network reliability, and system maintenance are discussed. Finally, future research directions involving artificial intelligence, machine learning, and predictive analytics are explored to enhance precision farming.

Keywords: IoT, Smart Agriculture, Precision Farming, Sensor Networks, Smart Irrigation