A Remote Sensing Nano-Satellite Time Control and Communication System

Abstract: This project focuses on the development of a prototype Nano-satellite system designed for remote sensing applications using an ESP32 microcontroller. The system is capable of handling real-time control and communication tasks, simulating key functionalities of a small satellite platform. It integrates multiple sensors and actuators to monitor environmental conditions and maintain system stability. An accelerometer is used to detect orientation changes, enabling basic attitude control through the activation of two fans positioned on either side of the system. A DHT11 sensor measures temperature, while a gas sensor monitors atmospheric conditions for safety. Additionally, a light sensor is employed to detect ambient light intensity, allowing automatic control of a relay-connected bulb when illumination falls below a predefined threshold. This lighting system can also be manually controlled from a ground station interface. A servo motor is incorporated to facilitate controlled mechanical movement, simulating positioning mechanisms typically found in satellites. For communication, a LoRa module enables long-distance data transmission between the satellite prototype and a ground station. [1-3] An ESP32-based camera module captures images, which are transmitted to a computer for monitoring and analysis. The system is supported by a PC-based ground station that provides real-time visualization of sensor data and allows user interaction for control operations. This setup ensures continuous monitoring and effective management of the satellite’s functions. Overall, the prototype demonstrates how cost-effective IoT components can be utilized to emulate Nano-satellite operations. It serves as a practical platform for research and learning in the fields of remote sensing, embedded systems, and space technology.

Keywords: Nano-satellite prototype, remote sensing, ESP32 microcontroller, real-time embedded systems, attitude control, LoRa communication, wireless telemetry, environmental monitoring, image transmission, MATLAB/Simulink simulation.