Abstract: Diabetic retinopathy is a severe eye disease that is fast spreading all over the world. It arises when blood sugar levels rise, leading to problems with the kidneys, eyes, and heart. Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is an eye disease that is caused by the breakdown of blood vessels in the retina, which occurs as diabetes progresses. It is thought to be the main cause of visual impairment because it progresses asymptomatically at the early phases. This review article discusses the methods adopted in diabetic retinopathy detection, segmentation, and classification using deep and machine learning algorithms, and discusses their importance and limitations, along with potential future directions to overcome these limitations.
Keywords: Diabetic Retinopathy, Deep Learning, CNN, Accuracy.
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DOI:
10.17148/IJARCCE.2025.14342
