“AUTOMATIC SOLAR TRACKING SYSTEM WITH OVERCHARGING PROTECTION”

Abstract: The AUTOMATIC SOLAR TRACKING SYSTEM WITH OVERCHARGING PROTECTION System project aims to develop a solar tracking system that enhances the performance of photovoltaic modules in a solar energy system. By continuously aligning the photovoltaic modules with the sun's rays, the system maximizes their exposure to sunlight, thereby increasing power generation efficiency. The project involves the design, implementation, and programming of hardware components, including servo motors, LDRs, and an Arduino UNO microcontroller. The system utilizes an ATmega328P microcontroller to control the movement of two servo motors, which adjust the orientation of the solar panel in two axes. The microcontroller receives inputs from four photo sensors located near the solar panel to accurately determine the angle of rotation. At the conclusion of the project, a fully functional solar tracking system is designed and implemented, capable of aligning the solar panel with the sun or any light source repeatedly. Furthermore, the study compares the energy conversion efficiency of photovoltaic modules with and without solar tracking systems. The analysis demonstrates that a dual-axis solar tracking system generates 31.3% more power than a fixed photovoltaic module, highlighting the effectiveness of solar tracking technology in maximizing power output.

Keywords: Dual Axis, LDR, Microcontroller, Servomotor, Solar Tracker, Solar energy, Automatic solar tracking system, Arduino microcontroller, maximum illumination, reduction in cost, maximum efficiency.