Comparative Study of Air-Ground Robotic Systems and Autonomous Multi-Modal Navigation Techniques

Abstract: Air-ground robotic systems that combine UAVs and UGVs are widely used in disaster response, firefighting, reconnaissance, inspection, and autonomous navigation. These hybrid systems combine the mobility of the air with the stability and endurance of the ground. This study provides a comparative study of fifteen research papers on hybrid robots based on navigation, localisation, locomotion, firefighting, and autonomous coordination. It includes mechanisms, control strategies, energy efficiency, and GPS-denied navigation techniques. The main trends are topology optimisation, adaptive morphogenesis, multi-sensor localisation, and behaviour-based coordination. The table compares system benefits, limitations and performance. The study concludes that the hybrid robotic systems enhance flexibility and efficiency, but there are challenges in localisation, payload optimisation, and autonomous decision-making [1]–[15].

Keywords: Air-Ground Robots, UAV-UGV Integration, Hybrid Robotics, Autonomous Navigation, Multi-Modal Locomotion, GPS-Denied Localisation, Firefighting Robots, Comparative Study, Morphing Robots, Robotics Control Systems