Multi-Featured Smart Vehicle with Safety Monitoring using IoT

Abstract: Road traffic accidents remain one of the leading causes of preventable fatalities worldwide, primarily due to delayed hazard perception and delayed emergency response. This paper presents a Multi-Featured Smart Vehicle with Safety Monitoring using IoT, a low-cost, retrofit-capable embedded system that combines real-time obstacle avoidance, blind-spot monitoring, automatic accident detection and GPS-based emergency alerting on a single dual-core ESP32 platform. The system fuses data from an HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor, two infrared proximity sensors, an MPU6050 accelerometer-gyroscope and a Neo-6M GPS module, and uses an RTOS-based dual-core scheduling strategy to guarantee that collision-avoidance logic is never delayed by network activity. On detecting a severe impact, the system autonomously halts the drive motors and broadcasts an SOS message containing a live Google-Maps location link over Bluetooth to a connected terminal, eliminating dependence on human intervention during the critical “golden hour” after a crash. Experimental evaluation of the prototype across repeated test trials shows a crash-detection accuracy of 96%, a forward-obstacle avoidance efficiency of 95%, a blind-spot alert reliability of 98%, and an average end-to-end SOS response time of 1.45 seconds. These results demonstrate that high-end vehicular safety features, traditionally restricted to expensive luxury vehicles, can be replicated at a fraction of the cost using accessible embedded hardware, making the proposed architecture suitable for retrofitting into economy and public-transport vehicles.

Keywords: Internet of Things (IoT), ESP32 Microcontroller, Accident Detection, Obstacle Avoidance, Blind-Spot Monitoring, GPS Tracking, Smart Vehicle Safety, RTOS.