Multidisciplinary Review on FEA, Topology Optimization and AI-Based Analysis of Aero-Engine Turbine Blades

Abstract: The design and analysis of turbine blades for aero-engines, especially those in the high-pressure turbine stage of turbofan engines, represent some of the most intricate challenges in aerospace engineering due to the intense thermal, aerodynamic, and mechanical stresses they face. Recent developments in computational methods, additive manufacturing, topology optimization, and artificial intelligence have significantly propelled research in turbine blades forward. This review paper delves into notable advancements in areas such as turbine blade modeling, computational fluid dynamics (CFD), finite element analysis (FEA), fatigue analysis, material optimization, lattice structures [2], [3], [4], fluid-structure interaction [13], and AI-driven defect detection [1]. The review is based on an analysis of twenty- three research papers from journals, conferences, and reports that concentrate on gas turbine blade performance design and CAE (Computer Aided Engineering) applications. The gathered studies were organized according to aerodynamic analysis [5], [6], [7], [8], thermal analysis, structural analysis, topology optimization, vibration behavior, and material selection. The literature review reveals that CFD and FEA continue to be the predominant tools for forecasting stress, deformation, heat transfer, and aerodynamic performance in turbine blades. Recent research has highlighted that topology optimization [1], [9] and lattice-based internal structures can significantly decrease blade weight while enhancing structural integrity and vibration resistance. Moreover, deep learning techniques [1], [10] have shown great promise for the automated detection of defects and predictive maintenance of aero-engine blades. The review's findings indicate that future turbine blade systems are likely to incorporate lightweight structures, additive manufacturing, advanced cooling techniques, and AI-assisted monitoring systems. This paper offers a comprehensive understanding of current research trends and pinpoints future opportunities for interdisciplinary research on turbine blades.

Keywords: Gas Turbine Blades, Finite Element Analysis, Topology Optimisation, Fluid Structure Interaction.