Understanding the Aging Leader and Challengers Concept in PSO and its Applications

Abstract: Geographical routing has been widely deployed by many researchers to overcome the pitfalls of traditional routing strategies. Initially, geographical routing is merely based on location service and forwarding strategies. But this paper presents the review of conceptual and application specific idea behind their development. We investigate the ways that defines which type, how and swhy new geographical routing algorithms are developed. This paper have reviewed new paths towards development of other location based routing protocols with advanced feature. This paper represents an overview on the benefits as well as limitations of location based routing protocols on the basis of their evolution like routing with or without location information, network topological challenges, transmission ranges problem and Link Asymmetry solution.

Keywords: Sensor Networks; Geographical Routing Protocol; Link asymmetry; Location errors.