Optimised Battery Thermal Management System: Design and Thermal Analysis Review

The rapid transition toward electric mobility is driven by the urgent need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and dependency on fossil fuels [1]. At the core of this transition are Lithium-ion batteries, favored for their high energy density and specific power [1]. However, these batteries are highly sensitive to temperature; their optimal operating range is typically between 15°C and 35°C [1]. Operating outside this range can lead to accelerated degradation, reduced range, and catastrophic thermal runaway events [2]. Consequently, a robust Battery Thermal Management System is essential to maintain temperature uniformity and prevent excessive heat buildup during high charge-discharge cycles [3]. This study focuses on designing and analyzing an optimized BTMS to enhance cooling efficiency and safety for modern electric vehicles.