Smart Battlefield Helmet with Soldier Monitoring System

Abstract: This paper presents a Smart Battlefield Helmet with Soldier Monitoring System. The aim of the project is to build a low-cost, embedded system that can continuously monitor a soldier’s health and surroundings and transmit the data wirelessly to a base station. The helmet uses an Arduino Nano as the main microcontroller, paired with an ESP32 for communication. Sensors include the MAX30102 for heart rate and SpO₂ monitoring, DS18B20 for body temperature, an MQ gas sensor for detecting toxic or flammable gases, and an MPU6050 IMU for fall detection. A NEO-6M GPS module provides real-time location tracking, and a LoRa SX1278 radio module transmits all data to a base station dashboard several kilometres away. The circuit runs on a 5 V regulated supply using an LM7805 regulator powered from a 9 V DC adapter.

Keywords: Helmet, Soldier, Monitoring, Temperature, Tracking, Battlefield