Abstract: Wireless sensor network is a network consisting of different number of small nodes deployed in the remote areas to execute the task of sensing, computation and data forwarding. These wireless sensor nodes keep on gaining drained in the energy whenever the data transmission phase comes into action. To obtain a longer lifetime these  wireless nodes are handle with various routing techniques which makes the communication between nodes and Base Station much more efficient in terms of energy consumption. Many energy-efficient protocols are of huge importance in order to increase the network lifetime during data gathering.  The parameter that is important for protocols in a wireless sensor network is its energy awareness. The factors that are introducing unequal energy dissipation among the nodes are the distance of nodes from base station and inter nodal distances in the network. Thus the protocol construct should be energy efficient. PEGASIS Protocol which forms chain using greedy algorithm and gives elegant solutions to the problem. In this research work, first we implement PEGASIS Protocol using greedy chain and then we use Genetic Algorithm to construct data routing chain, which uses its crossover and mutation parameters and find an optimized routing path for data gathering. Genetic Algorithm increases the network lifetime for same number of nodes. Simulations are done and the results of PEGASIS and Genetic Algorithm are compared with each other on the basis of energy consumption and number of rounds.

Keywords: wireless sensor network, Routing Protocol, Pegasis protocol, Energy efficiency, Genetic Algorithm etc.