A Novel Improved Fuzzy Logic with Zonal Stable Election Protocol Algorithm for Heterogeneous WSN to Extend the Network Lifetime

Abstract: To detect and keep track of the state of the physical environment, wireless sensor networks are networks made up of thousands of randomly distributed sensor nodes. The limited performance of batteries, which in most cases cannot be changed or recharged, is what makes wireless sensor networks viable. To lower the energy expenditures of sensor nodes and hence increase the lifetime of wireless sensor networks, researchers frequently create energy-efficient routing protocols. Numerous studies have shown that threshold-based (CH) group-head selection algorithms used in hierarchical routing systems can significantly increase network longevity. Mass height distribution and load distribution are significant issues. In this research, we present a new heterogeneous routing system called Enhanced Fuzzy and Zone Stable Election System (ZSEP), which allows for mixed direct and indirect communication between sensor nodes and base stations. Data sent to the base station is sent using a pooling technique.....