Abstract: The rapid expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) has led to the development of large-scale, energy-constrained networks where efficient and secure data transmission is crucial. Traditional routing protocols, such as the Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL), often suffer from high energy consumption, increased routing overhead, and vulnerability to security threats. To address these challenges, this paper proposes the Energy-Aware Routing Algorithm (EARA), a hybrid routing approach that integrates adaptive energy-efficient path selection, trust-based cooperative security, and optimized data forwarding mechanisms.
The proposed method dynamically selects energy-efficient routes while mitigating security threats through cooperative trust evaluation. Simulations conducted in the Cooja simulator with 100 to 500 nodes in both static and dynamic environments demonstrate the effectiveness of EARA. The results show that EARA improves Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) by 15-25%, reduces End-to-End Delay by 10-20%, lowers energy consumption by 20-30%, minimizes routing overhead by 15-25%, and increases network throughput by 10-18% compared to Standard RPL, Trust-Based RPL, and Secure RPL.
These findings highlight EARA as a promising solution for sustainable IoT applications, including smart cities, industrial automation, healthcare monitoring, and environmental sensing. By balancing energy efficiency, security, and scalability, EARA enhances the longevity and reliability of IoT networks, making it a viable approach for next-generation IoT deployments.
Keywords: Green IoT, Energy-Aware Routing, RPL, Trust-Based Routing, Secure IoT, Sustainable IoT Networks, Low-Power and Lossy Networks (LLNs), Cooperative Routing, IoT Security, Adaptive Routing, Network Lifetime Optimization, Smart Cities, Industrial IoT, Contiki OS, Cooja Simulator
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DOI:
10.17148/IJARCCE.2025.14312
