Parameter Estimation of a PID Controller using Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm

Abstract: The Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) structure is mainly used to achieve the desired output in case of closed loop control systems in most of the industry applications. In PID controller it is difficult to obtain the proper values of the controlling parameters Kp, Ki and Kd. The paper describes the design of dynamic control system model with PID controller and the values of the controlling parameters Kp, Ki and Kd are computed by using stochastic global search method i.e. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The approach is based on the search for global optimum value for the PID control parameters with the help of cost functions using Integral Control performance criterion like “Integral Absolute Error” (IAE). The optimum solution generally converges to a solution having minimum error which affects the control parameters thereby influencing rise time, maximum overshoot, settling time, gain margin and phase margin of the system. The proposed methods are demonstrated by tuning all the parameters of PID controllers for single input – single output (SISO) system.

Keywords: Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Particle, Swarm Intelligence, PID Controller